Coal power plants generate electricity by burning pulverized coal, which creates a hazardous byproduct known as fly ash. The danger to humans, wildlife, and the environment presented by fly ash production can be mitigated by using fly ash to improve the composition of concrete.

In the commercial and industrial sectors, fly ash has a wide variety of applications and uses, though it is primarily known for improving the durability and workability of concrete mixes. Fly ash is also a filler in paints, adhesives, and metal and plastic composites. It's commonly used as structural fill for road construction and fly ash can be used to make bricks, ceramic tiles, plaster, Portland cement, and ready-mix cement.